ENDIA Study Publications

All available findings from the ENDIA Study

The ENDIA Study is proud to be able to share the latest findings in our published papers.

We have also summarised some of these papers to be more accessible to families and other stakeholders.

None of these papers or results published would be possible without the samples and information provided by ENDIA Study participants. Sincere thanks to you all.

Publication summaries for ENDIA families and friends

ENDIA Study Publications

Walker GJ, Mallitt KA, Craig ME, Ashwood P, Barry SC, Brown JD, Caguicla J, A Davis EA, Hamilton-Williams EE, Harrison LC, Haynes A, Huynh T, Martin G, McGorm KJ, Morahan G, Naing Z, Oakey H, Penno MAS, Sevendal A, Sinnott RO, Soldatos G, Thomson RL, Tye-Din J, Vuillermin PJ, Ward EJ, Wentworth JM, Colman PG, Couper JJ, Kim KW, Rawlinson WD; ENDIA Study Group. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Childhood Islet Autoimmunity. JAMA Pediatr. 2025 Mar 3:e246848. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6848
Roberts AG, Tully AS, Binkowski SK, Bebbington KR, Penno MAS, Anderson AJ, Craig ME, Colman P, Huynh T, McGorm KJ, Soldatos G, Vuillermin P, Wentworth JM, Davis EA, Couper JJ, Haynes A. Parental experiences of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in their young children with early-stage type 1 diabetes: a qualitative interview study. Front. Clin. Diabetes Healthc. 2024, Vol 5. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1479948
Thomson RL, Brown J, Oakey H, Palmer K, Ashwood P, Penno MAS, McGorm KJ, Battersby R, Colman PG, Craig M, Davis EA, Huynh T, Harrison LC, Haynes A, Sinnott RO, Vuillermin P, Wentworth JM, Soldatos G, Couper JJ, ENDIA Study Group. Dietary patterns during pregnancy and maternal and birth outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study. Diabetologia. 2024, Sept; Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06259-5
Haynes, A; Tully, A; Smith, G.J.; Penno, MAS; Craig, ME; Wentworth, JM; Huynh, T; Colman, PG; Soldatos, G; Anderson, AJ; McGorm, KJ; Oakey, H; Couper, JJ; Davis, EA; ENDIA Study Group. Early Dysglycemia Is Detectable Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Very Young Children at Risk of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2024, Jul; Online: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-0540
Thomson, R.L.; Oakey, H.; Haynes, A.; Craig, M.E.; Harrison, L.C.; Wentworth, J.M.; Anderson, A.; Ashwood, P.; Barry, S.; Brittain, B.; Brown, J.D.; Colman, P.G.; Davis, E.A.; Hamilton-Williams, E.; Huynh, D.; Huynh,T.; Kim,K.W.; McGorm, K.J.; Morahan, G.; Rawlinson,W.; Sinnott, R.O.; Soldatos,G.; Tye-Din, J.A.; Vuillermin, P.J.; Penno, M.A.S.; Couper, J.J. Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) longitudinal prospective pregnancy to childhood cohort study of Australian children at risk of type 1 diabetes: parental demographics and birth information. BMJ Open Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2024, Jul; Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004130
Sing, A.; Naselli, G.; Huang, D.; Watson, K.; Colman, P.G.; Harrison, L.; Wentworth, J. Feasibility and validity of in-home self-collected capillary blood spot screening for type 1 diabetes risk. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2023, Nov; Online: https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2023.0345
Isaacs, S.R.; Roy, A.; Dance, B.; Foskett, D.B.; Ward, E.J.; Fosket, D.; Maxwell, A.J.; Rawlinson, W.D.; Kim, K.W.; Craig, M.E. Enteroviruses and risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled observational studies detecting viral nucleic acids and proteins. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. June 27, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00122-5
Harrison, LC; Bandala-Sanchez, E; Oakey, H; Colman, PG; Watson, K; Kim, KW; Wu, R; Hamilton-Williams, EE; Stone, NL; Haynes, A; Thomson, RL; Vuillermin, PJ; Soldatos, G; Rawlinson, WD; McGorm, KJ; Morahan, G; Barry, SC; Sinnott, RO; Wentworth, JM; Couper, JJ; Penno, MAS on behalf of the ENDIA Study Group. A surge in serum mucosal cytokines associated with seroconversion in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2023: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14031
Oakey, H; Giles, LC; Thomson, RL; Lê Cao, KA; Ashwood, P; Brown, JD; Knight, EJ; Barry, SC; Craig, ME; Colman, PG; Davis, EA; Hamilton-Williams, EE; Harrison, LC; Haynes, A; Kim, KW; Mallitt, KA; McGorm, K; Morahan, G; Rawlinson, WD; Sinnott, RO; Soldatos, G; Wentworth, JM; Couper, JJ; Penno, MAS; and the ENDIA Study Group. Protocol for a nested case-control study design for omics investigations in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity cohort. Annals of Medicine, 2023; 55:1. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2198255
McGorm, KJ; Brown, JD; Roberts, AG; Greenbank, S; Brasacchio, D; Sawyer, ACP; Oakey, H; Colman, PG; Craig, ME; Davis EA; Soldatos, G; Thomson, RL; Wentworth, JM; Couper, JJ; Penno, MAS; and the ENDIA Study Group. Experiences of Caregivers and At-Risk Children Enrolled in a Prospective Pregnancy-Birth Cohort Study into the Causes of Type 1 Diabetes: The ENDIA Study. Children, 2023; 10:4. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040637
Wu, R; Mumtaz, M; Maxwell, AJ; Isaacs, SR; Laiho, JE; Rawlinson, WD; Hyöty, H; Craig, ME; Kim, KW. Respiratory infections and type 1 diabetes: Potential roles in pathogenesis. Reviews in Medical Virology, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2429
McGorm, KJ; Brown JD; Thomson, RL; Oakey, H; Moore, B; Hendry, A; et al. A Long-Term Evaluation of Facebook for Recruitment and Retention in the ENDIA Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy-Birth Cohort Study. Journal of Diabetes Science & Technology, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F19322968221079867
Hall, M; Oakey, H; Penno, MAS; McGorm, K; Anderson, AJ; Ashwood, P; Colman, PG; Craig, ME; Davis, EA; Harris, M; Harrison, LC; Haynes, A; Morbey, C; Sinnott, RO; Soldatos, G; Vuillermin, PJ; Wentworth, JM; Thomson, RL; Couper, JC and The ENDIA Study Group. Mental Health During Late Pregnancy and Postpartum in Mothers With and Without Type 1 Diabetes: The ENDIA Study. Diabetes Care, 2022. (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-2335)
Bandala-Sanchez E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Oakey H, Penno MAS, Bediaga NG, Nasellia G, Ngui KM, Smith AD, Huang D, Zozaya-Valdesa E, Thomson RL, Brown JD, Vuillermin PJ, Barry SC, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD, Davis EA, Harris M, Soldatos G, Colman PG, Wentworth JM, Haynes A, Morahan G, Sinnott RO, Papenfuss AT, Couper JJ, Harrison LC, on behalf of the ENDIA Study Group. Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a progressive increase in gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2022. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109189)
Hope CM, Huynh D, Wong YY, Oakey H, Perkins GB, Nguyen T, Binkowski S, Bui M, Choo AYL, Gibson E, Huang D, Kim KW, Ngui K, Rawlinson WD, Sadlon T, Couper JJ, Penno MAS, Barry SC, on behalf of the ENDIA Study Group. Optimization of Blood Handling and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cryopreservation of Low Cell Number Samples. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9129. (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179129)
Penno, MS; Anderson, AJ; Thomson, RL; McGorm, KJ; Barry, SC; Colman, PG; Craig, ME; Davis, EA; Harris, M; Haynes, A; Morahan, G; Oakey, H; Rawlinson, WD; Sinnott, RO; Soldatos, G; Vuillermin, PJ; Wentworth, JM; Harrison, LC; Couper, JC and The ENDIA Study Group. Evaluation of protocol amendments to the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetic Medicine 2021. (https://doi:10.1111/dme.14638).
Isaacs, S.R.; Foskett, D.B.; Maxwell, A.J.; Ward, E.J.; Faulkner, C.L.; Luo, J.Y.X.; Rawlinson, W.D.; Craig, M.E.; Kim, K.W. Viruses and Type 1 Diabetes: From Enteroviruses to the Virome. Microorganisms 2021, 9(7), 1519; (https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071519)
Roth-Schulze AJ, Penno MAS, Ngui KM, Oakey H, Bandala-Sanchez E, Smith AD, Allnutt TR, Thomson RL, Vuillermin PJ, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD, Davis EA, Harris M, Soldatos G, Colman PG, Wentworth JM, Haynes A, Morahan G, Bediaga NG, Smyth GK, Papenfuss AT, Couper JJ, Harrison L. Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Is Associated With Distinct Changes in the Composition and Function of the Gut Microbiome. Microbiome 2021. (https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-376289/v1)
Harbison J.E., Thomson R.L., Wentworth J.M., Louise J., Roth‐Schulze A., Battersby R.J., Ngui K.M., Penno M.A.S., Colman P.G., Craig M.E., Barry S.C., Tran C.D., Makrides M., Harrison L.C., Couper J.J. Associations between diet, the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acids in youth with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes; 2021 Jan 20 (https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13178)
Faulkner C.L., Luo Y.X., Isaacs, S., Rawlinson, W.D., Craig M.E., Kim K.W. The virome in early life and childhood and development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Rev Med Virol. 2020 Dec 30; e2209. (https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2209)
Giles E.M. & Couper J.J. Microbiome in health and disease. J Paediatr Child Health. 2020 Nov; 56(11): 1735-1738. (https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14939)
Penno M.A.S., Augustine P., Oakey, H,.,Taranto, M. Barr, S.C., Colman, P.G., Craig, M.E., Davis, E.A., Giles, L.C. Harris, M., Harrison, L.C., Haynes, A., McGorm, K. Morahan, G., Morbey, C., Rawlinson, W.D., Sinnott, R.O., Soldatos, G., Thomson, R.L., Vuillermin, P.J., Wentworth J.M., Couper, J. and The ENDIA Study Group. Changes in pancreatic exocrine function in young at-risk children followed to islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the ENDIA study. Pediatric Diabetes; 2020 May 20 (https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13056)
Kim K.W., Allen D.W., Briese T., Couper J.J., Barry S.C., Colman P.G., Cotterill A.M., Davis E.A., Giles L.C., Harrison L.C., Harris M., Haynes A., Horton J.L., Isaacs S.R., Jain K., Lipkin W.I., McGorm K., Morahan G., Morbey C., Pang I.G.N., Papenfuss A.T., Penno M.A.S., Sinnott R.O., Soldatos G., Thomson R.L., Vuillermin P., Wentworth J.M., Wilkins M.R., Rawlinson W.D. and Craig M.E. Higher frequency of vertebrate-infecting viruses in the gut of infants born to mothers with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes; 2019 Dec 4; (https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12952)
Craig ME, Kim KW, Isaacs SR, Penno MA, Hamilton-Williams EE, Couper JJ, Rawlinson WD. Early-life factors contributing to type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia, 2019 Aug 27; (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4942-x)
Couper JJ, Harrison LC, Medical Controversies: Redefining the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Med J Aust, 2019 Jul 18; (https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50284)
Augustine P, Gent R, Louise J, Taranto M, Penno M, Linke R, Couper JJ; ENDIA Study Group. Pancreas size and exocrine function is decreased in young children with recent-onset Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2019 May 15. (https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13987)
Harbison JE, Roth-Schulze AJ, Giles LC, Tran CD, Ngui KM, Penno MAS, Thomson RL, Wentworth JM, Colman PG, Craig ME, Morahan G, Papenfuss AT, Barry SC, Harrison LC, Couper JJ.Gut microbiome dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability in children with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes : a prospective cohort study. Pediatric Diabetes. 2019 May 12. (https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12865)
Kim KW, Allen DW, Briese T, Couper JJ, Barry SC, Colman PG, Cotterill AM, Davis EA, Giles LC, Harrison LC, Harris M, Haynes A, Horton JL, Isaacs SR, Jain K, Lipkin WI, Morahan G, Morbey C, Pang ICN, Papenfuss AT, Penno MAS, Sinnott RO, Soldatos G, Thomson RL, Vuillermin P, Wentworth JM, Wilkins MR, Rawlinson WD, Craig ME ENDIA STUDY GROUP. Distinct gut virome profile of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes in the ENDIA study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2019 Jan. (https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz025)
McGorm K, Couper J, Penno M. Developmental origins of T1 diabetes: the ENDIA Study. O&G Magazine, Diabetes, 2018: 20(1); 51-3.
Allen DW, Kim KW, Rawlinson WD, Craig ME. Maternal virus infections in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in their offspring: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Rev Med Virol. 2018 May;28(3):e1974. (https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1974)
Penington JS, Penno MAS, Ngui KM, Ajami NJ, Roth-Schulze AJ, Wilcox SA, Bandala-Sanchez E, Wentworth JM, Barry SC, Brown CY, Couper JJ, Petrosino JF, Papenfuss, AT, Harrison LC, & ENDIA Study Group*. Influence of fecal collection conditions and 16S rRNA gene sequencing at two centers on human gut microbiota analysis. Scientific Reports, 2018; volume 8: 4386 (https://doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22491-7)
Wentworth JM, Bediaga NG, Penno MAS, Bandala‑Sanchez E, Kanojia KN, Kouremenos KA, Couper JJ, Harrison LC, ENDIA Study Group*. Minimal variation of the plasma lipidome after delayed processing of neonatal cord blood. Metabolomics, 2018; 14:130 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1434-9)
Phillips JE, Couper JJ, Penno MAS, Harrison LC, ENDIA Study Group. Type 1 diabetes: a disease of developmental origins. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017;18:417–421 (https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12425).
Penno MAS, Thomson RL, Couper JJ. Bunbury to Bundaberg, Darwin to Dover: establishing a successful Regional Participation Program for the ENDIA type 1 diabetes cohort study. The Medical Journal of Australia. 2016 Nov 21;205(10):486 (https://doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00685)
Penno MAS, Couper, JJ, Craig, ME, et. al. Environmental determinants of islet autoimmunity (ENDIA): a pregnancy to early life cohort study in children at-risk of type 1 diabetes. BMC Pediatrics 2013 13:124 (https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-124).

Prof Jenny Couper leads the study from the Women's & Children's Hospital and Adelaide University

Dr Megan Penno, Chief Operating Officer

Prof Emma Hamilton-Williams, Chief Scientific Officer

Dr Rebecca Thomson leads ENDIA's nutrition and lifestyle research

Prof Len Harrison, WEHI, VIC

Prof. John Wentworth, SVI and Royal Melbourne Hospital

Dr Aveni Haynes leads our CGM studies from Telethon Kids in WA

Ki Wook is an emerging leader in virus impact on developing T1D

Prof Maria Craig leads the NSW team

Dr Kelly McGorm, Senior Coordinator, Consumer & Community Involvement Lead

Prof Peter Colman, clinical lead at the Royal Melbourne Hospital

Prof Liz Davis leads the WA Team